{
  "api_version": "1",
  "request": {
    "url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Drain&page=19",
    "query": {
      "intervention": "Drain",
      "page": 19
    },
    "page_size": 10
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 19,
    "page_size": 10,
    "total_count": 517,
    "total_pages": 52,
    "next_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Drain&page=20&page_size=10",
    "previous_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Drain&page=18&page_size=10"
  },
  "source": "remote",
  "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
  "attribution": "Data derived from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. The official record at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ remains the source of truth for current availability, contacts, and full study details.",
  "notes": [
    "This endpoint exposes only public summary fields — no participant contact emails, phone numbers, or scraped investigator contact details.",
    "For contact information and full protocol detail, follow each trial's `official_url` to the ClinicalTrials.gov record.",
    "This API is a navigational aid. It does not provide medical advice, eligibility determinations, or compensation guarantees."
  ],
  "trials": [
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06536842",
      "title": "Wound Drain After Lumbar Fusion Surgery",
      "overall_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Lumbar Fusion"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Postoperative Drain Placement",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "No Postoperative Drain Placement",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Rothman Institute Orthopaedics",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 200,
      "start_date": "2024-08-01",
      "completion_date": "2025-08-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2024-08-05",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Philadelphia",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06536842"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT07419360",
      "title": "DRAIN: DRainage in Acute Decompensated Heart faIlure With Pleural effusioNs",
      "overall_status": "RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)",
        "Pleural Effusion Due to Congestive Heart Failure"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Thoracentesis",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Albany Medical College",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 216,
      "start_date": "2026-02-15",
      "completion_date": "2029-06",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-04-30",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Albany, New York",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Albany",
          "state": "New York"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07419360"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01097135",
      "title": "Evaluating the Effectiveness of 2 Surgical Skin Preparation Methods in Reducing Surgical Wound Drainage After Total Hip or Knee Replacement",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Drainage"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Duraprep Surgical Solution",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Rothman Institute Orthopaedics",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "80 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 80 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 600,
      "start_date": "2010-03",
      "completion_date": "2012-12",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2013-09-17",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Philadelphia",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01097135"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03716050",
      "title": "The Effect of Nitroglycerin Ointment, Fluorescent Angiography, and Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Mastectomy Skin Flap Perfusion-Related Problems",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2",
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Perfusion; Complications"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Nitroglycerin",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Negative Pressure Wound Therapy/ Wound VAC",
          "type": "DEVICE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fluorescent Angiography with indocyanine-green (not to exceed 5mg/kg)",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "No treatment",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "DEVICE",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Wake Forest University Health Sciences",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "99 Years",
        "sex": "FEMALE",
        "summary": "18 Years to 99 Years · Female only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 17,
      "start_date": "2018-01-30",
      "completion_date": "2019-03-12",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2020-05-21",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Winston-Salem, North Carolina",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Winston-Salem",
          "state": "North Carolina"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03716050"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03504865",
      "title": "Post-Mastectomy Analgesia Using Exparel (Liposomal) Versus Standard Bupivacaine or Placebo",
      "overall_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Mastectomy",
        "Breast Cancer"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Liposomal bupivacaine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Standard bupivacaine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Georgetown University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "FEMALE",
        "summary": "18 Years and older · Female only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 100,
      "start_date": "2019-07-01",
      "completion_date": "2021-12",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2020-07-27",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Washington D.C., District of Columbia",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Washington D.C.",
          "state": "District of Columbia"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03504865"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00284739",
      "title": "Alteplase for Percutaneous Treatment of Loculated Abdominopelvic Abscesses",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Abdominal Abscess",
        "Pelvic Abscess"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Alteplase",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "saline",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Kaiser Permanente",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 20,
      "start_date": "2006-02",
      "completion_date": "2007-10",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2015-02-26",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Honolulu, Hawaii",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Honolulu",
          "state": "Hawaii"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00284739"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00909064",
      "title": "The Effects of Arixtra on Wound Drainage Following Total Joint Arthroplasty",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Total Knee Replacement"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Fondaparinux Sodium (Arixtra)",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Paul Di Cesare,MD",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "80 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 80 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 114,
      "start_date": "2009-06",
      "completion_date": "2009-12",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2017-05-15",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Sacramento, California",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Sacramento",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00909064"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03172832",
      "title": "A Trial of Percutaneous vs. Endoscopic Drainage of Suspected Klatskin Tumors",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Cholangiocarcinoma",
        "Hilar Lymphadenopathy",
        "Biliary Stricture"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "PTBD",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "ERC",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Medical University of South Carolina",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "40 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "40 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 13,
      "start_date": "2017-08-20",
      "completion_date": "2019-04-12",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2020-03-25",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 25,
      "location_summary": "Los Angeles, California • New Haven, Connecticut • Washington D.C., District of Columbia + 19 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Los Angeles",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Los Angeles",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "New Haven",
          "state": "Connecticut"
        },
        {
          "city": "Washington D.C.",
          "state": "District of Columbia"
        },
        {
          "city": "Gainesville",
          "state": "Florida"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03172832"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00197392",
      "title": "Comparative Infection Rates for the Codman BACTISEAL TM External Ventricular Drainage (EVD) System",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Intraventricular Hemorrhage",
        "Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Bactiseal TM EVD",
          "type": "DEVICE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Standard EVD Catheter",
          "type": "DEVICE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DEVICE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Codman & Shurtleff",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 434,
      "start_date": "2004-11",
      "completion_date": "2010-01",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2013-11-05",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 4,
      "location_summary": "Los Angeles, California • Gainesville, Florida • Syracuse, New York + 1 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Los Angeles",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Gainesville",
          "state": "Florida"
        },
        {
          "city": "Syracuse",
          "state": "New York"
        },
        {
          "city": "Hershey",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00197392"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01252329",
      "title": "Comparison of Elective Lymph Node Treatment Versus Clinical Observation in the Absence of Palpable Lymph Nodes for High Risk Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "High Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "elective lymph node dissection",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Pittsburgh",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 29,
      "start_date": "2011-04",
      "completion_date": "2014-07-14",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2017-10-24",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-26T08:30:51.751Z",
      "location_count": 2,
      "location_summary": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Pittsburgh",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        },
        {
          "city": "Pittsburgh",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01252329"
    }
  ]
}