{
  "api_version": "1",
  "request": {
    "url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Historical+opioid+use&page=2",
    "query": {
      "intervention": "Historical opioid use",
      "page": 2
    },
    "page_size": 10
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 2,
    "page_size": 10,
    "total_count": 53,
    "total_pages": 6,
    "next_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Historical+opioid+use&page=3&page_size=10",
    "previous_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=Historical+opioid+use&page=1&page_size=10"
  },
  "source": "remote",
  "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
  "attribution": "Data derived from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. The official record at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ remains the source of truth for current availability, contacts, and full study details.",
  "notes": [
    "This endpoint exposes only public summary fields — no participant contact emails, phone numbers, or scraped investigator contact details.",
    "For contact information and full protocol detail, follow each trial's `official_url` to the ClinicalTrials.gov record.",
    "This API is a navigational aid. It does not provide medical advice, eligibility determinations, or compensation guarantees."
  ],
  "trials": [
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04477304",
      "title": "Application of Economics & Social Psychology to Improve Opioid Prescribing Safety Trial 1: EHR Nudges",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Opioid Abuse, Unspecified"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Opioid Naive, OR",
          "type": "BEHAVIORAL"
        },
        {
          "name": "At-risk for long-term use, OR",
          "type": "BEHAVIORAL"
        },
        {
          "name": "Long-term opioid recipient",
          "type": "BEHAVIORAL"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "BEHAVIORAL"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Southern California",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 555,
      "start_date": "2020-12-01",
      "completion_date": "2023-08-06",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2025-08-07",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Chicago, Illinois",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Chicago",
          "state": "Illinois"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04477304"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03859024",
      "title": "Efficacy of Opioid-limiting Pain Management Protocol in Men Undergoing Urethroplasty",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain, Postoperative",
        "Urethral Stricture"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Oxycodone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Acetaminophen",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Gabapentin",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "celebrex",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Bupivacaine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Ibuprofen 800 mg",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Dexamethasone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Alabama at Birmingham",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "MALE",
        "summary": "18 Years and older · Male only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 48,
      "start_date": "2019-03-22",
      "completion_date": "2023-06-30",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2024-09-19",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Birmingham, Alabama",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Birmingham",
          "state": "Alabama"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03859024"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03427424",
      "title": "Imaging Biomarker for Addiction Treatment Outcome",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "OBSERVATIONAL",
      "phases": [],
      "conditions": [
        "Opioid-Related Disorders",
        "Alcohol-Related Disorders"
      ],
      "interventions": [],
      "intervention_types": [],
      "sponsor": "National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)",
      "sponsor_class": "NIH",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "21 Years",
        "maximum_age": "65 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "21 Years to 65 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 52,
      "start_date": "2019-07-10",
      "completion_date": "2024-04-29",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2024-05-01",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Baltimore, Maryland",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Baltimore",
          "state": "Maryland"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03427424"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06271668",
      "title": "Clinical Decision Support to Improve System Naloxone Co-prescribing",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "OBSERVATIONAL",
      "phases": [],
      "conditions": [
        "Medication Abuse",
        "Harm Reduction",
        "Opioid Overdose",
        "Opioid Prescribing"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Naloxone Co-prescribing Clinical Decision Support (CDS)",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Colorado, Denver",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "12 Years",
        "maximum_age": "89 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "12 Years to 89 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 114272,
      "start_date": "2024-07-01",
      "completion_date": "2026-04-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-09-29",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Aurora, Colorado",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Aurora",
          "state": "Colorado"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06271668"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04189523",
      "title": "Does Early Administration of Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia for Long Bone Fractures Effect Long Term Patient Opioid Usage",
      "overall_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Bone Fracture",
        "Opioid Use",
        "Opioid Dependence"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "SOC Pain Management",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "Early US Guided Nerve Block Administration",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER",
        "PROCEDURE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Wayne State University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 54,
      "start_date": "2019-09-01",
      "completion_date": "2020-06",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2019-12-12",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 2,
      "location_summary": "Detroit, Michigan",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Detroit",
          "state": "Michigan"
        },
        {
          "city": "Detroit",
          "state": "Michigan"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04189523"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06415994",
      "title": "Multimodal Fetal and Placental Imaging and Biomarkers of Clinical Outcomes in Opioid Use Disorder",
      "overall_status": "ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION",
      "study_type": "OBSERVATIONAL",
      "phases": [],
      "conditions": [
        "Opioid Use Disorder",
        "Substance-Related Disorders",
        "Pregnancy Related",
        "Narcotic-Related Disorders",
        "Buprenorphine Dependence",
        "Methadone Dependence"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Buprenorphine or Methadone Treatment",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fetal and Placental MRI",
          "type": "DIAGNOSTIC_TEST"
        },
        {
          "name": "Child Developmental Assessment",
          "type": "BEHAVIORAL"
        },
        {
          "name": "Questionnaires",
          "type": "BEHAVIORAL"
        },
        {
          "name": "Blood and Placental Samples",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "DIAGNOSTIC_TEST",
        "BEHAVIORAL",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Senthil Sadhasivam",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "100 Years",
        "sex": "FEMALE",
        "summary": "18 Years to 100 Years · Female only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 250,
      "start_date": "2024-02-13",
      "completion_date": "2029-12-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-07-14",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 2,
      "location_summary": "Indianapolis, Indiana • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Indianapolis",
          "state": "Indiana"
        },
        {
          "city": "Pittsburgh",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06415994"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06071884",
      "title": "Bridge Device for Surgical Pain for Rotator Cuff Surgery",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain",
        "Rotator Cuff Injuries"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Bridge Percutaneous Nerve Field Stimulator",
          "type": "DEVICE"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DEVICE"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Steven Orebaugh",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 42,
      "start_date": "2024-07-29",
      "completion_date": "2024-09-26",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-01-14",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "West Mifflin, Pennsylvania",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "West Mifflin",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06071884"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06652880",
      "title": "Digital Support Intervention for Pregnant People with Opioid Use Disorders",
      "overall_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "EARLY_PHASE1"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Digital Intervention",
        "Bibliotherapy"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Digital technology",
          "type": "DEVICE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Bibliotherapy",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DEVICE",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of South Carolina",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "45 Years",
        "sex": "FEMALE",
        "summary": "18 Years to 45 Years · Female only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 32,
      "start_date": "2024-06-04",
      "completion_date": "2025-12-31",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2025-02-17",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Charleston, South Carolina",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Charleston",
          "state": "South Carolina"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06652880"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT05300581",
      "title": "Determining the Feasibility of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Persons Who Inject Opioids",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Opioid Use Disorder"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "OPAT for PWID",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Washington University School of Medicine",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "100 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 100 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 10,
      "start_date": "2022-03-16",
      "completion_date": "2025-12-19",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2025-12-29",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "St Louis, Missouri",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "St Louis",
          "state": "Missouri"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05300581"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT07682662",
      "title": "Low Dose Bolus Ketamine For Use In Sickle Cell Pain Crisis",
      "overall_status": "NOT_YET_RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Vaso-Occlusive Pain Episode in Sickle Cell Disease",
        "Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Standardized Low-dose bolus IV Ketamine within 30 minutes of arrival and every 1 hour as needed for max of 3 doses.",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Standard Care (in control arm)",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Mississippi Medical Center",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "2 Years",
        "maximum_age": "21 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "2 Years to 21 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 400,
      "start_date": "2026-08-01",
      "completion_date": "2029-10-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-07-06",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T03:30:08.653Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Jackson, Mississippi",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Jackson",
          "state": "Mississippi"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07682662"
    }
  ]
}