{
  "api_version": "1",
  "request": {
    "url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=insulin+pre-treatment&page=4",
    "query": {
      "intervention": "insulin pre-treatment",
      "page": 4
    },
    "page_size": 10
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 4,
    "page_size": 10,
    "total_count": 332,
    "total_pages": 34,
    "next_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=insulin+pre-treatment&page=5&page_size=10",
    "previous_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=insulin+pre-treatment&page=3&page_size=10"
  },
  "source": "remote",
  "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
  "attribution": "Data derived from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. The official record at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ remains the source of truth for current availability, contacts, and full study details.",
  "notes": [
    "This endpoint exposes only public summary fields — no participant contact emails, phone numbers, or scraped investigator contact details.",
    "For contact information and full protocol detail, follow each trial's `official_url` to the ClinicalTrials.gov record.",
    "This API is a navigational aid. It does not provide medical advice, eligibility determinations, or compensation guarantees."
  ],
  "trials": [
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01194258",
      "title": "Safety/Efficacy Study of Subcutaneously Injected Prandial Insulins Compared to Insulin Lispro Alone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Diabetes Mellitus, Type II"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Insulin lispro",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Insulin aspart",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Insulin glulisine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Insulin glargine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Halozyme Therapeutics",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 132,
      "start_date": "2010-08",
      "completion_date": "2011-08",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2014-08-20",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 22,
      "location_summary": "Concord, California • Encino, California • Escondido, California + 18 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Concord",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Encino",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Escondido",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Greenbrae",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Mateo",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01194258"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04567225",
      "title": "Early Basal Insulin Administration in Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Diabetic Ketoacidosis",
        "Type 1 Diabetes",
        "Type 2 Diabetes"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Early Glargine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Late Glargine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "IV insulin infusion",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "IV fluid and electrolytes replacement",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "The Cleveland Clinic",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 39,
      "start_date": "2020-10-01",
      "completion_date": "2021-08-27",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2022-09-21",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Cleveland, Ohio",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Cleveland",
          "state": "Ohio"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04567225"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01729078",
      "title": "Dietary Interventions in Prediabetes",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Impaired Fasting Glucose",
        "Pre Diabetes",
        "Liver Fat"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Dietary intervention",
          "type": "DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Mayo Clinic",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "30 Years",
        "maximum_age": "80 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "30 Years to 80 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 48,
      "start_date": "2012-10",
      "completion_date": "2014-02",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2015-07-29",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Rochester, Minnesota",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Rochester",
          "state": "Minnesota"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01729078"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01187329",
      "title": "The Effect of the Hyperinsulinemic Normoglycemic Clamp on Myocardial Function and Utilization of Glucose",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Hyperglycemia",
        "Aortic Valve Replacement",
        "Aortic Stenosis",
        "Cardiac Surgery"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp (HNC)",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "control group",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "The Cleveland Clinic",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "40 Years",
        "maximum_age": "84 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "40 Years to 84 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 100,
      "start_date": "2010-10",
      "completion_date": "2013-12",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2018-11-20",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Cleveland, Ohio",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Cleveland",
          "state": "Ohio"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01187329"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06657209",
      "title": "Normal-weight Diabetes: Adipocyte-directed Therapy With Pioglitazone or Tirzepatide",
      "overall_status": "RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
        "Diabetes",
        "Type 2 Diabetes",
        "Pre Diabetes"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Insulin resistance testing",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "OGTT",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fat biopsy",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "DXA scan",
          "type": "RADIATION"
        },
        {
          "name": "MRI",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "1H-MRS",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tirzepatide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Pioglitazone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE",
        "RADIATION",
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Stanford University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "30 Years",
        "maximum_age": "70 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "30 Years to 70 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 104,
      "start_date": "2025-01-13",
      "completion_date": "2027-12-15",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-04-20",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 2,
      "location_summary": "Palo Alto, California • Stanford, California",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Palo Alto",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Stanford",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06657209"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01755416",
      "title": "Liraglutide Versus Insulin Mono-therapy in the Closed Loop Setting",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Type 1 Diabetes"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Closed loop with sensor and Insulin",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Closed loop with sensor, Insulin and Liraglutide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Albert Einstein College of Medicine",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "40 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 40 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 18,
      "start_date": "2013-01",
      "completion_date": "2015-01",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2018-08-21",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "The Bronx, New York",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "The Bronx",
          "state": "New York"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01755416"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01435616",
      "title": "A Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Glargine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "LY2605541",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Eli Lilly and Company",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 1538,
      "start_date": "2011-11",
      "completion_date": "2014-01",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2018-04-13",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 66,
      "location_summary": "Anniston, Alabama • Mobile, Alabama • Chandler, Arizona + 63 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Anniston",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Mobile",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Chandler",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Mesa",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tempe",
          "state": "Arizona"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01435616"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00850096",
      "title": "Effects of Nasulin Versus Placebo on Blood Glucose Control in Patient Volunteers With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Type 2 Diabetes"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Placebo for Nasulin",
          "type": "OTHER"
        },
        {
          "name": "Nasulin",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER",
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "CPEX Pharmaceuticals Inc.",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "90 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 90 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 94,
      "start_date": "2009-01",
      "completion_date": "2010-03",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2013-12-13",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 21,
      "location_summary": "Chandler, Arizona • Escondido, California • La Jolla, California + 17 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Chandler",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Escondido",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "La Jolla",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Mateo",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Walnut Creek",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00850096"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03078491",
      "title": "Technological Advances in Glucose Management in Older Adults",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus",
        "Older Adults",
        "Hypoglycemia"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "eCGM (enhanced CGM)",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Joslin Diabetes Center",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "65 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "65 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 168,
      "start_date": "2017-03-30",
      "completion_date": "2022-10-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-05-12",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Boston, Massachusetts",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Boston",
          "state": "Massachusetts"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03078491"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT07361874",
      "title": "IMPACT-MACS: Adrenalectomy vs Semaglutide for Metabolic Outcomes in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion",
      "overall_status": "RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS)",
        "Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (ACS)",
        "Subclinical Cushing's",
        "Mild Autonomous Cortisol Excess"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Intervention 1: Adrenalectomy",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Intervention 2: Semaglutide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE",
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 75,
      "start_date": "2026-03-05",
      "completion_date": "2030-05-31",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-08T16:38:15.730Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Dallas, Texas",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Dallas",
          "state": "Texas"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07361874"
    }
  ]
}