{
  "api_version": "1",
  "request": {
    "url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=linaclotide+or+placebo",
    "query": {
      "intervention": "linaclotide or placebo"
    },
    "page_size": 10
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 1,
    "page_size": 10,
    "total_count": 11,
    "total_pages": 2,
    "next_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=linaclotide+or+placebo&page=2&page_size=10",
    "previous_page_url": null
  },
  "source": "remote",
  "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
  "attribution": "Data derived from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. The official record at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ remains the source of truth for current availability, contacts, and full study details.",
  "notes": [
    "This endpoint exposes only public summary fields — no participant contact emails, phone numbers, or scraped investigator contact details.",
    "For contact information and full protocol detail, follow each trial's `official_url` to the ClinicalTrials.gov record.",
    "This API is a navigational aid. It does not provide medical advice, eligibility determinations, or compensation guarantees."
  ],
  "trials": [
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02559570",
      "title": "A Safety and Efficacy Study of a Range of Linaclotide Doses Administered Orally to Children Ages 6-17 Years Who Fulfill Modified Rome III Criteria for Child/Adolescent Functional Constipation (FC)",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Functional Constipation in Children Ages 6-17 Years"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "LIN Dose A",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "LIN Dose B",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "LIN Dose C",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "LIN 145 µg",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Forest Laboratories",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "6 Years",
        "maximum_age": "17 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "6 Years to 17 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 173,
      "start_date": "2015-11-03",
      "completion_date": "2018-05-29",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2019-06-19",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 60,
      "location_summary": "Hot Springs, Arkansas • Little Rock, Arkansas • Anaheim, California + 51 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Hot Springs",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Anaheim",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Corona",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Costa Mesa",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02559570"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03573908",
      "title": "A Trial of Linaclotide 290 μg in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C)",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Irritable Bowel Syndrome Characterized by Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 614,
      "start_date": "2018-06-20",
      "completion_date": "2019-04-10",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2020-12-01",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 79,
      "location_summary": "Huntsville, Alabama • Phoenix, Arizona • Tucson, Arizona + 67 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Huntsville",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Phoenix",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tucson",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "North Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Chula Vista",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03573908"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00306748",
      "title": "Phase 2 Study of MD-1100 Acetate Administered for 14 Days to Patients Meeting Criteria for Chronic Constipation",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "MD-1100 Acetate",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "70 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 70 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 40,
      "start_date": "2006-03",
      "completion_date": "2006-08",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2009-03-24",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 14,
      "location_summary": "Huntsville, Alabama • North Little Rock, Arkansas • Boynton Beach, Florida + 11 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Huntsville",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "North Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Boynton Beach",
          "state": "Florida"
        },
        {
          "city": "Boston",
          "state": "Massachusetts"
        },
        {
          "city": "Pittsford",
          "state": "New York"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00306748"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00938717",
      "title": "Trial of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C)",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide or Matching Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 805,
      "start_date": "2009-07",
      "completion_date": "2010-09",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2013-11-05",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 107,
      "location_summary": "Birmingham, Alabama • Huntsville, Alabama • Phoenix, Arizona + 97 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Birmingham",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Huntsville",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Phoenix",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tempe",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tucson",
          "state": "Arizona"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00938717"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT05652205",
      "title": "A Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Symptoms With Linaclotide Versus Placebo in Pediatric Subjects, Ages 2 to 5 Years, With Functional Constipation",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Functional Constipation (FC)",
        "Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC)"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Placebo for Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "AbbVie",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "2 Years",
        "maximum_age": "5 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "2 Years to 5 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 123,
      "start_date": "2022-12-29",
      "completion_date": "2025-09-02",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-05-14",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 38,
      "location_summary": "Foley, Alabama • Phoenix, Arizona • Hot Springs, Arkansas + 33 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Foley",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Phoenix",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Hot Springs",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Anaheim",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05652205"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04166058",
      "title": "Long-term Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Participants With FC or IBS-C",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation",
        "Functional Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C) participants (LIN-MD-63 and LIN-MD-64 completers)",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Functional Constipation (FC) participants (LIN-MD-62 and LIN-MD-64 completers)",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "AbbVie",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "6 Years",
        "maximum_age": "18 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "6 Years to 18 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 381,
      "start_date": "2019-11-19",
      "completion_date": "2025-06-05",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-01-06",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 65,
      "location_summary": "Birmingham, Alabama • Foley, Alabama • Saraland, Alabama + 50 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Birmingham",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Foley",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Saraland",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Hot Springs",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04166058"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02559817",
      "title": "A Safety and Efficacy Study of a Range of Linaclotide Doses Administered Orally to Children Ages 7-17 Years, With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide Dose A",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide Dose B",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide Dose C",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide Approved Adult Dose",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Matching Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Forest Laboratories",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "7 Years",
        "maximum_age": "17 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "7 Years to 17 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 101,
      "start_date": "2015-11-01",
      "completion_date": "2019-08-30",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2020-12-28",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 46,
      "location_summary": "Hot Springs, Arkansas • Little Rock, Arkansas • Anaheim, California + 39 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Hot Springs",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Anaheim",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Corona",
          "state": "California"
        },
        {
          "city": "Costa Mesa",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02559817"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02291679",
      "title": "Trial of Linaclotide in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Chronic Idiopathic Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Matching Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 1223,
      "start_date": "2014-10",
      "completion_date": "2015-08",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2017-06-15",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 95,
      "location_summary": "Huntsville, Alabama • Phoenix, Arizona • Tucson, Arizona + 81 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Huntsville",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Phoenix",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tucson",
          "state": "Arizona"
        },
        {
          "city": "North Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Anaheim",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02291679"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04026113",
      "title": "Linaclotide Safety and Efficacy in Pediatric Participants, 6 to 17 Years of Age, With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C) or Functional Constipation (FC)",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Functional Constipation",
        "Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "AbbVie",
      "sponsor_class": "INDUSTRY",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "6 Years",
        "maximum_age": "17 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "6 Years to 17 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 438,
      "start_date": "2019-10-01",
      "completion_date": "2024-05-29",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2024-11-26",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 79,
      "location_summary": "Birmingham, Alabama • Foley, Alabama • Saraland, Alabama + 62 more",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Birmingham",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Foley",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Saraland",
          "state": "Alabama"
        },
        {
          "city": "Hot Springs",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
          "city": "Little Rock",
          "state": "Arkansas"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04026113"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT03796884",
      "title": "Linaclotide in Treating Patients With Stages 0-3 Colorectal Cancer",
      "overall_status": "ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Colorectal Adenoma",
        "Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8",
        "Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Linaclotide",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "80 Years",
        "sex": "FEMALE",
        "summary": "18 Years to 80 Years · Female only"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 150,
      "start_date": "2019-10-30",
      "completion_date": "2026-09-30",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-07-22",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-09-29T02:51:44.078Z",
      "location_count": 3,
      "location_summary": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Seattle, Washington",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Philadelphia",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        },
        {
          "city": "Philadelphia",
          "state": "Pennsylvania"
        },
        {
          "city": "Seattle",
          "state": "Washington"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03796884"
    }
  ]
}