{
  "api_version": "1",
  "request": {
    "url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=patient-controlled+intravenous+analgesia+%28PCA%29&page=2",
    "query": {
      "intervention": "patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA)",
      "page": 2
    },
    "page_size": 10
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 2,
    "page_size": 10,
    "total_count": 45,
    "total_pages": 5,
    "next_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=patient-controlled+intravenous+analgesia+%28PCA%29&page=3&page_size=10",
    "previous_page_url": "https://clinicaltrialsfind.com/api/v1/search.json?intervention=patient-controlled+intravenous+analgesia+%28PCA%29&page=1&page_size=10"
  },
  "source": "remote",
  "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
  "attribution": "Data derived from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. The official record at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ remains the source of truth for current availability, contacts, and full study details.",
  "notes": [
    "This endpoint exposes only public summary fields — no participant contact emails, phone numbers, or scraped investigator contact details.",
    "For contact information and full protocol detail, follow each trial's `official_url` to the ClinicalTrials.gov record.",
    "This API is a navigational aid. It does not provide medical advice, eligibility determinations, or compensation guarantees."
  ],
  "trials": [
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02219581",
      "title": "Steroids in Total Knee Arthroplasty",
      "overall_status": "TERMINATED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Postoperative Pain",
        "Inflammation",
        "Osteoarthritis"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Dexamethasone 10 mg",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Dexamethasone 20 mg",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Standard multimodal pain management regimen",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Thomas L Bradbury",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "100 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 100 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 1,
      "start_date": "2014-10-16",
      "completion_date": "2015-12-01",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2022-10-04",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Tucker, Georgia",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Tucker",
          "state": "Georgia"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02219581"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02967172",
      "title": "Efficacy of Multimodal Periarticular Injections in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain, Postoperative",
        "Ankle Fractures"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Ropivacaine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Epinephrine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Morphine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "0.9% sodium chloride solution",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Iowa",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "100 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 100 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 100,
      "start_date": "2016-10",
      "completion_date": "2018-09-21",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2023-12-15",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Iowa City, Iowa",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Iowa City",
          "state": "Iowa"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02967172"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT01123486",
      "title": "Hydromorphone Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Fingerprint",
      "overall_status": "WITHDRAWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain",
        "Ventilatory Depression"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "hydromorphone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Northwestern University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "21 Years",
        "maximum_age": "30 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "21 Years to 30 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 0,
      "start_date": "2015-01",
      "completion_date": "2015-01",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2015-04-22",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Chicago, Illinois",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Chicago",
          "state": "Illinois"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01123486"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00588159",
      "title": "Preoperative Gabapentin for Acute and Chronic Post-thoracotomy Analgesia",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Gabapentin",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Diphenhydramine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Michelle Kinney",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": true,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "45 Years",
        "maximum_age": "75 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "45 Years to 75 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 146,
      "start_date": "2007-06",
      "completion_date": "2010-03",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2016-05-04",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Rochester, Minnesota",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Rochester",
          "state": "Minnesota"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00588159"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02700451",
      "title": "Post-op Acetaminophen vs NSAID Use on Lumbar Spinal Fusion Outcomes",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Lumbar Osteoarthritis",
        "Spondylosis",
        "Lumbar Disc Disease",
        "Spinal Stenosis"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Ketorolac",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Acetaminophen",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Hospital for Special Surgery, New York",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "75 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 75 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 178,
      "start_date": "2016-03",
      "completion_date": "2023-03",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2023-07-10",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "New York, New York",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "New York",
          "state": "New York"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02700451"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT06559969",
      "title": "IV vs Epidural Opioids + Epidural Local Anesthetic for Laparotomy Analgesia",
      "overall_status": "RECRUITING",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE2",
        "PHASE3"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Laparotomy"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Intravenous administered opioid",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Epidural administered opioid",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "University of Iowa",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "85 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 85 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 80,
      "start_date": "2024-09-17",
      "completion_date": "2027-03-30",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-04-28",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Iowa City, Iowa",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Iowa City",
          "state": "Iowa"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06559969"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT04979247",
      "title": "Intravenous Oliceridine and Opioid-related Complications",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Major Surgery"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Oliceridine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "The Cleveland Clinic",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 204,
      "start_date": "2021-09-15",
      "completion_date": "2024-01-10",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2026-05-14",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 3,
      "location_summary": "Winston-Salem, North Carolina • Cleveland, Ohio",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Winston-Salem",
          "state": "North Carolina"
        },
        {
          "city": "Cleveland",
          "state": "Ohio"
        },
        {
          "city": "Cleveland",
          "state": "Ohio"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04979247"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT02271698",
      "title": "Dexamethasone and Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "PHASE4"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Acute Pain",
        "Chronic Pain"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Dexamethasone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Placebo",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Duke University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "55 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "55 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 45,
      "start_date": "2014-12",
      "completion_date": "2016-07",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2018-02-20",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Durham, North Carolina",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Durham",
          "state": "North Carolina"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02271698"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00580294",
      "title": "A Pilot Study of Switching From One Pain Medication to Another (Opioid Rotation)",
      "overall_status": "COMPLETED",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Pain"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Oxymorphone",
          "type": "DRUG"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "DRUG"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": null,
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years and older"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 12,
      "start_date": "2007-11",
      "completion_date": "2008-08",
      "has_results": true,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2016-02-03",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "New York, New York",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "New York",
          "state": "New York"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00580294"
    },
    {
      "nct_id": "NCT00616850",
      "title": "Treatment of Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasy Using Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion",
      "overall_status": "WITHDRAWN",
      "study_type": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "Total Knee Arthroplasty"
      ],
      "interventions": [
        {
          "name": "Continuous femoral catheter block",
          "type": "PROCEDURE"
        },
        {
          "name": "Lidocaine",
          "type": "DRUG"
        },
        {
          "name": "Preservative free normal saline",
          "type": "OTHER"
        }
      ],
      "intervention_types": [
        "PROCEDURE",
        "DRUG",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "sponsor": "Loma Linda University",
      "sponsor_class": "OTHER",
      "healthy_volunteers": false,
      "eligibility": {
        "minimum_age": "18 Years",
        "maximum_age": "80 Years",
        "sex": "ALL",
        "summary": "18 Years to 80 Years"
      },
      "enrollment_count": 0,
      "start_date": "2007-10",
      "completion_date": "2009-07",
      "has_results": false,
      "last_update_posted_date": "2014-05-22",
      "last_synced_at": "2026-10-10T17:30:22.656Z",
      "location_count": 1,
      "location_summary": "Loma Linda, California",
      "locations": [
        {
          "city": "Loma Linda",
          "state": "California"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00616850"
    }
  ]
}