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Completed Not applicable Interventional Accepts healthy volunteers Results available

Testing Multiple Behavioral Science Strategies to Increase Flu-Shot Rates

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04565353

Public ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT04565353. Field values are reproduced from the official study page; the official ClinicalTrials.gov record remains the source of truth for eligibility, enrollment, and contact information.

ClinicalTrials.gov public records Last synced Sep 2, 2026, 3:57 PM EDT

Data is sourced from official ClinicalTrials.gov public API records. Always review the official ClinicalTrials.gov record for the latest information.

Brief summary

Reproduced verbatim from the official ClinicalTrials.gov record. Not medical advice.

This research aims to identify which behavioral science strategies are most effective at increasing flu vaccination rates overall and based on patients' individual characteristics. Past behavioral science interventions have shown promise in increasing flu vaccinations. For example, successful interventions have encouraged people to make concrete plans for when they will get a flu vaccination (Milkman et al. 2011), sent automated calls or text messages reminding patients to get a flu vaccination (Cutrona et al. 2018; Regan et al. 2017), or provided financial incentives for getting vaccinated (Nowalk et al. 2010). Although these results are promising, these studies have been conducted in isolation on different populations, which makes it difficult to compare their interventions' effectiveness or to have enough power to reliably detect differing responses to interventions based on individual characteristics. This research will simultaneously test 19 different SMS interventions to increase flu vaccinations in a "mega-study" and apply machine learning to identify which interventions work best for whom. The interventions are designed by behavioral science experts from the Behavior Change for Good Initiative (BCFG), Penn Medicine Nudge Unit (PMNU), and Geisinger Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). We expect to include at least 80,000 participants. The specific aims of this research are to identify (1) which behavioral science strategies effectively increase flu vaccination rates overall, and (2) which strategies are most effective for different subgroups (e.g., based on age, gender, race).

Study identification

NCT ID
NCT04565353
Recruitment status
Completed
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Not applicable
Lead sponsor
University of Pennsylvania
Other
Enrollment
74,811 participants

Conditions and interventions

Interventions

Behavioral

Eligibility (public fields only)

Age range
18 Years and older
Sex
All
Healthy volunteers
Accepts healthy volunteers

This page does not interpret eligibility. Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria are on the official ClinicalTrials.gov record.

Study timeline

Start date
Sep 19, 2020
Primary completion
Mar 30, 2021
Completion
Mar 30, 2021
Last update posted
Jan 31, 2022

2020 – 2021

United States locations

U.S. sites
2
U.S. states
1
U.S. cities
2
Facility City State ZIP Site status
Geisinger Health Danville Pennsylvania 17822
University of Pennsylvania Health System Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104

Site contact phone numbers, emails, and investigator names are intentionally not displayed here. Open the official ClinicalTrials.gov record for site contact information.

About this trial record page

What this page shows
Public field values for ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT04565353, including study identification, conditions, interventions, eligibility (age, sex, healthy volunteer), timeline, and U.S. site list.
What this page does not do
No medical advice, eligibility judgments, treatment recommendations, study quality scoring, or AI-generated medical summaries. No site contact phone numbers, emails, or investigator names.
Where the data comes from
Sourced from the official ClinicalTrials.gov public API. The official record is the source of truth.
Last refresh
Last update posted Jan 31, 2022 · Synced Sep 2, 2026

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Open the official record

The complete protocol, eligibility criteria, and contact information for NCT04565353 live on ClinicalTrials.gov.

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